The mechanism of the "emede method," a previously popular clandestine procedure, is equivalent however, in this case it is performed in two separate reactions, isolating the ephedrine halide, usually Bromo- or Chloro-ephedrine, and then reducing it to methamphetamine.īy the seventh episode of Season 1 ("A No Rough-Stuff-Type Deal"), obtaining pseudoephedrine for the large-scale production that Walt desires becomes an issue.
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Water is lost to give iodoephedrine, which then undergoes reductive dehalogenation by liberated H2 producing methamphetamine. A nucleophilic substitution reaction then occurs with an iodide anion. In the Nagai method, the β-hydroxyl group on ephedrine or pseudoephedrine is protonated forming a hydronium ion leaving group. By bubbling the HCI gas into the solution, the resulting d-methamphetamine is then precipitated as the HCl salt. His use of a plastic syringe to remove the organic solvent layer is typical of clandestine cooks-an easier alternative favored by legitimate chemists is a separatory funnel. In the pilot episode, Walt does this by making the solution basic and then extracting it with an organic solvent. A skilled chemist like Walt understands the chemistry allowing him to alter or adapt the synthesis as necessary. As Gus's assistant Victor in "Box Cutter" (S.4E.1) states, "It's called a cook, because everything comes down to following a recipe." Walt appropriately asks him, "What happens when you get a bad barrel of precursor? How would you even know?" and "What happens in the summer when the humidity level rises and your product goes cloudy?" These are important points that someone just following a recipe may not be able to deal with. In fact, cooking meth can be extremely dangerous because a lack of chemical knowledge puts the cook (and anyone else nearby) at serious risk of injury.
#What does meth smell like when someone is cooking it how to
In the same manner anyone can learn how to cook a fancy meal, anyone can be taught to cook meth regardless of chemistry education-cooking meth may be just a little more explosive.
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When it comes to making meth, the difference between cooking and synthesis should be acknowledged. Many believe the first clandestine labs originated in the California bay area from this environment around 1962. This supply began to wither in the 1960s as law enforcement prosecuted over-prescribing doctors and placed pressure on pharmaceutical companies to withdraw certain products. By the 1950s stimulants became a regular part of the American routine, and a flourishing black-market in diverted pharmaceuticals soon developed. Meth's psychostimulant effect does not seem to have been noticed until the mid-30s when Friedrich Hauschild discovered it at the Berlin based pharmaceutical company Temmler. N-methyl-1-phenylpropan-2-amine or methamphetamine was first synthesized from the naturally occurring alkaloid ephedrine by Japanese chemist Nagai Nagayoshi in 1893 while researching the structure of ephedrine.